Quem se casou com Genghis Khan?

Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes, he launched a series of military campaigns, conquering large parts of China and Central Asia.

Born between 1155 and 1167 and given the name Temüjin, he was the eldest child of Yesugei, a Mongol chieftain of the Borjigin clan, and his wife Hö'elün. When Temüjin was eight, his father died and his family was abandoned by its tribe. Reduced to near-poverty, Temüjin killed his older half-brother to secure his familial position. His charismatic personality helped to attract his first followers and to form alliances with two prominent steppe leaders named Jamukha and Toghrul; they worked together to retrieve Temüjin's newlywed wife Börte, who had been kidnapped by raiders. As his reputation grew, his relationship with Jamukha deteriorated into open warfare. Temüjin was badly defeated in c. 1187, and may have spent the following years as a subject of the Jin dynasty; upon reemerging in 1196, he swiftly began gaining power. Toghrul came to view Temüjin as a threat and launched a surprise attack on him in 1203. Temüjin regrouped and overpowered Toghrul; after defeating the Naiman tribe and executing Jamukha, he was left as the sole ruler on the Mongolian steppe.

Temüjin formally adopted the title "Genghis Khan", the meaning of which is uncertain, at an assembly in 1206. Carrying out reforms designed to ensure long-term stability, he transformed the Mongols' tribal structure into an integrated meritocracy dedicated to the service of the ruling family. After thwarting a coup attempt from a powerful shaman, Genghis began to consolidate his power. In 1209, he led a large-scale raid into the neighbouring Western Xia, who agreed to Mongol terms the following year. He then launched a campaign against the Jin dynasty, which lasted for four years and ended in 1215 with the capture of the Jin capital Zhongdu. His general Jebe annexed the Central Asian state of Qara Khitai in 1218. Genghis was provoked to invade the Khwarazmian Empire the following year by the execution of his envoys; the campaign toppled the Khwarazmian state and devastated the regions of Transoxiana and Khorasan, while Jebe and his colleague Subutai led an expedition that reached Georgia and Kievan Rus'. In 1227, Genghis died while subduing the rebellious Western Xia; following a two-year interregnum, his third son and heir Ögedei acceded to the throne in 1229.

Genghis Khan remains a controversial figure. He was generous and intensely loyal to his followers, but ruthless towards his enemies. He welcomed advice from diverse sources in his quest for world domination, for which he believed the shamanic supreme deity Tengri had destined him. The Mongol army under Genghis killed millions of people, yet his conquests also facilitated unprecedented commercial and cultural exchange over a vast geographical area. He is remembered as a backwards, savage tyrant in Russia and the Arab world, while recent Western scholarship has begun to reassess its previous view of him as a barbarian warlord. He was posthumously deified in Mongolia; modern Mongolians recognise him as the founding father of their nation.

Хадаан — дочь Сорган-Ширы, одного из нукеров Чингисхана.

Möge Khatun (Mongolian: Мөгэ хатан, died 1242), was a princess of the Bakrin tribe and concubine of Genghis Khan. After the Khan’s death, Möge became a wife of Genghis' son, Ögedei Khan. She was briefly regent in 1241.

According to the historian Juvayni, "she was given to Genghis Khan by a chief of the Bakrin tribe, and he loved her very much." Ögedei also favored her, and she accompanied him on hunting expeditions. In 1241, after the death of Ögedei Khan, power briefly passed into her hands. By the spring of 1242, however, Töregene Khatun had assumed complete power as regent with the support of Chagatai and her sons with the title Great Khatun and replaced the ministers of Ögödei with her own. Historian Timothy May has argued that Töregene waited until the death of Möge Khatun and Ögedei's first wife Boraqchin before revealing her true intentions with the regency.

Möge Khatun did not have any children.

Borte Ujim (em mongol: Бөртэ үжин; romaniz.: Börte Üjin; 1161? - 1227?) foi uma nobre mongol dos séculos XII e XIII. Era filha de Dei Sechém do clã conguirado e sua esposa Chotã. Quando tinha 10 anos, Isuguei Batur se aproximou da tenda de Dei Sechém com seu filho Temujim de nove anos. Os dois concordaram com o casamento das crianças e Temujim foi deixado na tenda de seu sogro, mas tão logo seu pai foi morto, um dos servos de Isuguei o devolveu à tenda de sua mãe. Mais tarde, já adolescentes, Temujim manteve o interesse de desposar Borte e Dei Sechém imaginou que não seria capaz de protegê-la, mas seu filho mais novo Alchi o convenceu do contrário.

Borte se uniu ao clã de Temujim e levou como dote um casado de zibelina, que então foi dado ao cã Tugril dos queraítas. Mais adiante, foi capturada por membros dos merquites e Tugril o ajudou a resgatá-la. Pouco depois do fato, nasceu Jochi, que foi visto por muitos como um filho bastardo. O casal não gerou filhos nos anos seguintes e Temujim a encorajou a adotar o órfão Xigui Cutucu. Nos anos seguintes, o casal gerou três filhos (Chagatai, Oguedai e Tolui) e cinco filhas. Nos anos nos quais ele ascendeu e se tornou Gêngis Cã, considerou muito a opinião dela. Foi ela, por exemplo, que o convenceu a romper com Jamuca e, em 1210, informou do perigo que o xamã Tebe Tengueri representava. Com a morte de seu marido em 1227, ela manteve a ordem em sua tenda (palácio).

Ибаха-беки, Абика-беги (монг. Ибага бэхи) — старшая дочь Джаха-Гамбу, племянница кереитского хана Тоорила (Ван-хана).

В 1203 году кереиты были разгромлены войсками Чингисхана. Поскольку ранее Джаха-Гамбу добровольно присоединился к Чингису и помог отразить нападение меркитов, его семья одной из немногих не была разорена. Ибаху-беки Чингисхан взял себе в жёны, а её младшую сестру, Сорхахтани, — сосватал за своего сына Толуя. Другая сестра Ибахи, Биктутмиш-Фуджин, стала женой старшего сына Чингиса Джучи. Как ни странно, но позже, раздавая привилегии своим сподвижникам, Чингисхан отказался от брака с Ибахой, выдав её за урутского нойона Джурчедая якобы за заслуги последнего.

Возможная причина этого поступка указывается в персидской летописи «Джами ат-таварих»: согласно одному из приведённых в ней рассказов, однажды к Чингисхану во сне явился Тенгри, велев передать Ибаху-беки другому мужчине. Проснувшись, хан окликнул стоявшего в карауле воина — им оказался Джурчедай — и объявил, что отдаёт Ибаху ему. Отправляя бывшую супругу к урутам, Чингисхан позволил ей забрать с собой почти всё имущество (включая юрту, домочадцев и слуг, табуны и стада), за исключением стольника (баурчи) Ашик-Темура и золотой чаши для кумыса.

Ибаха-беки и её сын были одними из подозреваемых в смерти третьего сына и наследника Чингиса — Угэдэя. 11 декабря 1241 года, после пира, Угэдэй внезапно умер. Так как сын Ибаха-беки был ханским стольником, его вместе с матерью обвинили в отравлении. Доказать причастность обоих, однако, не удалось: благодаря вмешательству влиятельного нойона и родственника Угэдэя Элджидая Ибаха-беки и её сын смогли избежать наказания.

Хулан (монг. Хулан^?, ᠺᠦᠯᠠᠨ^?; ~1164 — ~1221) — вторая (после Борте) супруга Чингисхана, меркитка.

Есуй (монг. Есүй) — одна из супруг Чингисхана, татарка.