Quem se casou com John VI of Portugal?

Dom John VI (Portuguese: João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael; 13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826), known as "the Clement" (o Clemente), was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1816 to 1825, and after the recognition of Brazil's independence, titular Emperor of Brazil and King of Portugal until his death in 1826.

John VI was born in Lisbon during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King Dom Joseph I of Portugal. He was the second son of the Princess of Brazil and Infante Peter of Portugal, who later became Queen Dona Maria I and King Dom Peter III. In 1785, John married Carlota Joaquina of Spain, with whom he had nine children. He became heir to the throne when his older brother, Prince José, died of smallpox in 1788. Before his accession to the throne, John bore the titles Duke of Braganza, Duke of Beja, and Prince of Brazil. From 1799, he served as prince regent due to his mother's mental illness. In 1816, he succeeded his mother as monarch of the Portuguese Empire, with no real change in his authority, since he already possessed absolute powers as regent.

One of the last representatives of absolute monarchy in Europe, John lived during a turbulent period; his reign never saw a lasting peace. Throughout his period of rule, major powers such as Spain, France, and Great Britain continually intervened in Portuguese affairs. Forced to flee across the Atlantic Ocean to Brazil when troops of Emperor Napoleon I invaded Portugal, he found himself faced there with liberal revolts; he was compelled to return to Europe amid new conflicts. His marriage was no less conflictual, as his wife Carlota Joaquina repeatedly conspired against John in favor of personal interests or those of her native Spain.

John lost Brazil when his son Pedro declared independence, and his other son Miguel (later Dom Miguel I of Portugal) led a rebellion that sought to depose him. According to recent scholarly research, his death may well have been caused by arsenic poisoning. Notwithstanding these tribulations, John left a lasting mark, especially in Brazil, where he helped to create numerous institutions and services that laid a foundation for national autonomy, and many historians consider him to be a true mastermind of the modern Brazilian state. John's contemporaries viewed him as a kind and benevolent king, although later generations of Portuguese and Brazilians have made him the subject of frequent caricature. However, in recent decades his reputation has been restored as a clever king who was able to balance many competing interests.

Carlota Joaquina Teresa Caetana de Bourbon (Aranjuez, 25 de abril de 1775 – Queluz, 7 de janeiro de 1830) foi a esposa do Rei João VI e Rainha Consorte de Portugal e Algarves, de 1816 até 1826, além de Rainha Consorte do Brasil de 1816 até 1822. Também deteve o título Imperatriz Titular Consorte do Brasil. Era filha do rei Carlos IV da Espanha e de Maria Luísa de Parma.

Desprezada pela corte portuguesa, onde frequentemente era chamada de "a Megera de Queluz", Carlota Joaquina gradualmente conquistou o ressentimento do público, que a acusava de promiscuidade e de usar sua influência sobre o marido para promover os interesses da coroa espanhola. Após a transferência da corte portuguesa para o Brasil, ela começou a conspirar contra o marido, alegando que ele não tinha a capacidade mental para governar Portugal e seus territórios, buscando estabelecer uma regência. Também alimentava ambições de usurpar o trono espanhol, que estava nas mãos do irmão de Napoleão, José Bonaparte. Após o casamento de seu filho, Pedro, com a arquiduquesa Leopoldina da Áustria em 1817, e o eventual retorno da família real a Portugal em 1821, Carlota Joaquina apoiou seu filho Miguel em seus esforços para usurpar o trono. No entanto, a relação entre ambos se deteriorou com o tempo. Finalmente, Carlota Joaquina foi confinada ao Palácio Real de Queluz, onde morreu em 7 de janeiro de 1830, abandonada por seus filhos e aliados políticos.